Available for the first time in 20 years, here are two important works from the 1920s by the best-known representative of the Vienna Circle. In The Logical Structure of the World, Carnap adopts the position of "methodological solipsism" and shows that it is possible to describe the world from the immediate data of experience. In his Pseudoproblems in Philosophy, he asserts that...(展开全部)

Drawing on the work of major philosophers in 18th and 19th-century German idealism, Thomas Raysmith critically examines G. W. F. Hegel's justification for the claim that philosophy has a history. While Kant regarded philosophy as ahistorical, Hegel considered it to be a discipline that is necessarily historical, and elaborated a 'logical structure' that was supposed to allow it...(展开全部)

Drawing on the work of major philosophers in 18th and 19th-century German idealism, Thomas Raysmith critically examines G. W. F. Hegel's justification for the claim that philosophy has a history. While Kant regarded philosophy as ahistorical, Hegel considered it to be a discipline that is necessarily historical, and elaborated a 'logical structure' that was supposed to allow it...(展开全部)

Logical Atomism is a philosophy that sought to account for the world in all its various aspects by relating it to the structure of the language in which we articulate information. In The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, Bertrand Russell, with input from his young student Ludwig Wittgenstein, developed the concept and argues for a reformed language based on pure logic. Despite R...(展开全部)

卡尔纳普，经验主义和逻辑实证主义代表人物，维也纳学派的领袖之一。主要著作：《语言的逻辑句法》、《世界的逻辑构造》、《意义和必然》、《逻辑的形式化》等。

The philosophical theory of scientific explanation proposed here involves a radically new treatment of causality that accords with the pervasively statistical character of contemporary science. Wesley C. Salmon describes three fundamental conceptions of scientific explanation - the epistemic, modal, and ontic. He argues that the prevailing view (a version of the epistemic conce...(展开全部)

The philosophical theory of scientific explanation proposed here involves a radically new treatment of causality that accords with the pervasively statistical character of contemporary science. Wesley C. Salmon describes three fundamental conceptions of scientific explanation - the epistemic, modal, and ontic. He argues that the prevailing view (a version of the epistemic conce...(展开全部)

In "Invariances" Robert Nozick rethinks and transforms the concepts of truth, objectivity, necessity, contingency, consciousness and ethics. He presents bold philosophical theories that take account of scientific advances in physics, evolutionary biology, economics and cognitive neuroscience, and casts contemporary cultural controversies in a new light.

This volume contains a selection of essays on the structure and methods of normative ethics by eminent philosopher Shelly Kagan. Its successor, Rethinking Intrinsic Value: And Other Essays on the Good, collects essays on value, well-being, and desert. The volume opens with a cluster of essays that concern the structure of normative ethics. A general theme of these essays is tha...(展开全部)

Having set global warming in irreversible motion, we are facing the possibility of ecological catastrophe. But the environmental emergency is also a crisis for our philosophical habits of thought, confronting us with a problem that seems to defy not only our control but also our understanding. Global warming is perhaps the most dramatic example of what Timothy Morton calls “hyp...(展开全部)